The United States of America is one of the most sought-after study destinations for students from all corners of the globe. Its universities in the USA offer world-class education, access to groundbreaking research, and exposure to a multicultural environment. But if you're planning to pursue your academic dreams in the U.S., it's important to understand your official status as a student — particularly whether you're considered an “international student.”
Many students ask this question during the application or visa process: Who exactly is considered an international student in the USA? This article breaks it down clearly, so you can understand your classification and what it means for your study journey in the States.
Definition of an International Student in the USA
In simple terms, an international student is anyone who is not a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident (Green Card holder) and is in the country temporarily to study. These students usually come to the United States on non-immigrant visas that are specifically intended for education purposes. The most common of these are the F-1 visa, J-1 visa, and sometimes the M-1 visa for vocational studies.
If you're attending a college, university, language training program, or even a vocational institution in the U.S. and are not a citizen or permanent resident, you are considered an international student.
Visa Types and Their Role
Let’s understand the three major visa types that define international student status:
F-1 Visa – Academic Student
The most common visa for international students.
Issued to those who are enrolled in academic programs, including undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral studies.
Allows on-campus work and optional practical training (OPT) under specific rules.
J-1 Visa – Exchange Visitor
For students participating in exchange programs or short-term study arrangements.
Often sponsored by a government or institution.
Includes some study-abroad students, research scholars, and interns.
M-1 Visa – Vocational Student
Designed for students pursuing vocational or non-academic programs such as technical or trade schools.
Has stricter work limitations compared to F-1 visa holders.
If you enter the U.S. on any of the above visas specifically to study, you're classified as an international student.
Who Is NOT an International Student?
Understanding who doesn’t fall under the international student category is just as important. You are not considered an international student if:
You are a U.S. citizen, even if you’ve lived outside the U.S. all your life.
You are a Green Card holder (U.S. permanent resident).
You have refugee or asylum status in the U.S.
You are a Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipient.
You have another visa status (like H-4 or L-2) and are in the U.S. for a different reason, not primarily to study.
Why This Classification Matters
Being categorized as an international student has a direct impact on your entire academic and personal journey in the USA. Here’s how:
Admissions Requirements
You may need to provide English proficiency test scores (TOEFL, IELTS, Duolingo).
You must submit proof of previous education credentials from your home country.
Some universities may have separate application processes for international students.
Tuition Fees
International students often pay higher tuition fees than in-state or domestic students.
Scholarships are available, but competition is tough and not all are open to international applicants.
Visa Compliance
You must maintain full-time enrollment.
You need to report any changes (like address or program changes) to your school’s Designated School Official (DSO).
You must avoid unauthorized work or violation of visa terms, as this could lead to deportation.
Financial Proof
Before receiving a student visa, you need to show proof of funds to cover your tuition, living expenses, and other costs for at least one academic year.
This is usually done by submitting bank statements or sponsor letters.
Work Restrictions
On an F-1 visa, you can work only up to 20 hours per week on campus while studying.
Off-campus work (like internships) requires approval through CPT or OPT.
Post-Graduation Opportunities
As an international student, you can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT) after graduation, giving you up to 12 months of work experience in your field (or up to 36 months for STEM fields).
Many students then apply for H-1B work visas or explore other immigration pathways if they wish to stay longer.
Cultural and Academic Implications
Being an international student is not just a legal classification — it shapes your entire study abroad experience.
Cultural Adjustment: You may face culture shock, homesickness, or language barriers. But you also get the chance to broaden your worldview and make global connections.
Support Services: Universities offer dedicated international offices that provide visa support, academic advising, and cultural integration services.
Diverse Classrooms: You’ll study alongside students from all over the world, exposing you to different perspectives and learning styles.
How to Know If You’re an International Student
Ask yourself the following questions:
Are you a citizen of the U.S.? → If yes, you're not an international student.
Do you hold a U.S. Green Card? → If yes, you're a domestic student.
Are you in the U.S. temporarily with a student visa? → Yes, you’re an international student.
Did you come to the U.S. primarily for study, and need to maintain your visa status? → Again, yes.
How to Apply as an International Student
If you’ve identified yourself as an international student, here are some basic steps in your application process:
Choose Your Program and University: Research based on your field of interest, budget, location preference, and university ranking.
Take Standardized Tests: SAT/ACT for undergrad, GRE/GMAT for postgrad, and TOEFL/IELTS for English proficiency.
Apply and Get Accepted: Submit online applications, essays, recommendation letters, and transcripts.
Get Your I-20 or DS-2019 Form: Once admitted, your school will send this document to start your visa application.
Pay the SEVIS Fee and Apply for a Visa: Book your F-1 or J-1 visa interview.
Arrive in the U.S. and Attend Orientation: Make sure to check in with your DSO once you arrive.
Conclusion
In summary, an international student in the USA is anyone who comes from outside the United States and is in the country on a student visa for the purpose of full-time education. This status carries specific responsibilities, challenges, and opportunities. It affects your visa rules, tuition rates, access to work, and even how you integrate into academic and social life.
